Final answer:
The actions of peasants, artisans, and merchants are examples of resistance against state attempts to collect revenue, particularly in response to the economic hardships imposed by the Spanish government's tax policies in New Spain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The actions of peasants, artisans, and merchants discussed in the provided context are an example of resistance against state attempts to collect revenue. This is evidenced by the uprisings and the consolidation of power by the monarchy that reduced the power of nobles and sought direct control over the economy through various measures, including taxation.
In the specific instance of New Spain, the Act of Consolidation by the Spanish government forced the Catholic Church to demand repayment of loans to comply with the deposit of wealth. This action affected creole merchants and landowners, leading to violent multiethnic uprisings driven by economic distress. This resistance was a direct challenge to imperial authority and its financial demands.
By analyzing historical events, such as the peasants rebellion against nobility's tributes due to the famine and wars in Europe, it becomes clear that these circumstances were not about sectarian religious conflict or human rights, but rather about the economic pressures exerted by the state on its subjects.