Final answer:
The neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and maintain a rate of 12-18 respirations per minute are located in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group, not the medulla and thalamus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is False. The neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and maintain a rate of 12-18 respirations per minute are located in the medulla oblongata, not the medulla and thalamus.
Within the medulla oblongata, there are two major respiratory centers: the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and the ventral respiratory group (VRG). The DRG is involved in maintaining a constant breathing rhythm by stimulating the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax, whereas the VRG is involved in forced breathing.
In addition to the medulla oblongata, the pontine respiratory group, located in the pons, also plays a role in controlling the overall rate and depth of breathing. It consists of the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers, which work together to regulate the inspiration and expiration phases of breathing.