Final answer:
Rods in the retina are sensitive to dim light and are responsible for vision in low-light conditions, while cones are responsible for color vision and function well in bright light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cells on the retina of an eye that are sensitive to dim light are called rods. These photoreceptors are highly sensitive and are responsible for our vision in low-light conditions. They are abundant throughout the retina, except for its very center, and do not provide color vision but enable us to see in shades of gray in darker environments. On the other hand, the cells that produce the sensation of color are called cones.
Cones are less sensitive to light but are responsible for our ability to see in bright light and to perceive colors. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which correspond to the primary colors red, green, and blue, and they are primarily located in the central portion of the retina. Together, these two types of photoreceptor cells allow for a full range of visual capabilities, from seeing in dim light to the detailed color vision used during the day.