Final answer:
Indian entrepreneurs, like Dwarkanath Tagore, survived tight British economic controls by creating ventures such as textile factories that competed internationally. They leveraged the administrative frameworks established by British rule to grow their businesses. Post-independence economic liberalization also aided Indian entrepreneurs in expanding their businesses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Despite the strict economic controls imposed by the British government, many Indian entrepreneurs managed to survive and even thrive during the colonial period. An example of such entrepreneurial success is Dwarkanath Tagore, who founded a bank, purchased hand-manufacturing operations, and pooled resources with British investors to open India’s first coal mine and build sugar refineries and textile factories. These ventures, particularly in cloth production, allowed Indian businesses to successfully compete with British manufacturers in international markets, such as China, even as Britain entered the Second Industrial Revolution.
The British governance of India did provide certain administrative frameworks which some locals assimilated to aid in local governance. This inadvertently created a class of educated locals adept in English language and British laws. Indian entrepreneurs often exploited such skills to manage and expand their business ventures, further aiding their survival and growth.
Additionally, post-independence India's government enacted various policies aimed at economic growth, and, starting in the 1990s, pursued a strategy of economic liberalization through privatization, thus increasing productivity and opening up new avenues for growth for Indian entrepreneurs.