Final answer:
Adjournment is a temporary suspension of a parliamentary sitting, ordered by the presiding officer and does not end the session or affect pending bills. Prorogation, typically enacted by the head of state, formally concludes a session and can cause certain pending business to lapse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Adjournment and Prorogation in Parliament
When it comes to understanding the practices within parliamentary systems, it's important to distinguish between the terms adjournment and prorogation. This involves knowing which actions terminate a session or only a sitting, who has the authority to initiate these actions, and what impact they have on pending business and bills.
Firstly, adjournment simply suspends a sitting of the house without terminating the session, meaning all pending business including bills can be resumed in the next sitting. Contrary to the student's statements, adjournment does not terminate a session. It is typically initiated by the presiding officer of the house.
Secondly, prorogation does indeed terminate a session of the house, which means that any business, including some bills pending before the house, may lapse as a result. Prorogation is not simply ending a sitting; it brings a formal end to the parliamentary session. This action is usually done by the President, Governor or other head of state depending on the country's parliamentary structure.
Lastly, to clarify, an adjournment does not generally affect bills or other business pending before the house, and work resumes when the house sits again. However, prorogation can lead to a lapse of certain types of business pending before the house if a new session commences.