Final answer:
Aldol condensation of aldehydes I and II, catalyzed by an acid, yields beta-gamma and alpha-beta unsaturated alcohols, respectively, through a process of enolate formation, aldol addition, and dehydration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the aldol condensation products of two different aldehydes in the presence of an acid catalyst. In this reaction, aldehydes or ketones containing an alpha-hydrogen undergo a condensation reaction to form a beta-hydroxy-aldehyde or ketone, which can further dehydrate to form an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. The products that are formed depend on the specific aldehydes starting material and the reaction conditions.
Regarding the aldehydes mentioned as I and II in the question, the aldol condensation would typically result in different products based on their structures. Each aldehyde, through acid catalysis, will form an enolate which will attack another molecule of aldehyde. After the aldol addition, dehydration occurs, resulting in the respective unsaturated alcohols. The first would lead to a β-γ unsaturated alcohol, whereas the second would yield an α-β unsaturated alcohol.