Final answer:
The coronary artery is the blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the human heart, branching off from the aorta which receives blood from the left ventricle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the human heart is the coronary artery. Specifically, there are two main coronary arteries: the right and left coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart and distributes it throughout the body.
The coronary arteries are unique because, unlike most arteries that carry blood away from the heart, they loop back to provide the heart muscle (myocardium) with the necessary oxygen and nutrients. Blood becomes oxygenated in the lungs through gas exchange and is returned to the left atrium of the heart by the pulmonary veins. The left ventricle then pumps the oxygen-rich blood into the aorta, from which the coronary arteries branch off to supply the heart itself.