Answer:
The main difference between bacteria and viruses is that bacteria can reproduce on their own, while viruses require a host.
Option c is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Reproduction: Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently through binary fission. They have the ability to duplicate their genetic material and divide into two identical daughter cells. On the other hand, viruses are not considered living organisms because they cannot reproduce on their own. Instead, viruses infect host cells and hijack their cellular machinery to replicate and produce more viruses.
2. Structure: Bacteria are larger and more complex than viruses. Bacteria are cellular organisms with a complete cellular structure that includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA) contained within a nucleus. In contrast, viruses are much smaller and simpler. They consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses may also have an outer envelope.
3. Host Dependency: Bacteria are capable of surviving and reproducing outside of a host organism. They can be found in various environments such as soil, water, and even the human body. In contrast, viruses cannot survive or replicate without a host cell. They need to infect a living host, such as a plant, animal, or human, and use the host's cellular machinery to reproduce.
Regarding the answer choices:
a) The statement that bacteria have a nucleus while viruses do not is incorrect. Bacteria have a nucleus, while viruses do not have a true nucleus.
b) The statement that bacteria are larger than viruses is generally true, but there are exceptions. Some bacteria are smaller than certain viruses.
c) The statement that bacteria can reproduce on their own, while viruses require a host, is the correct main difference between bacteria and viruses.
d) The statement that bacteria are always harmful, while viruses can be beneficial, is incorrect. Both bacteria and viruses can be harmful or beneficial depending on the specific species and context.
In summary, the main difference between bacteria and viruses is that bacteria can reproduce on their own, while viruses require a host. Additionally, bacteria have a complete cellular structure, while viruses are much simpler.