Final answer:
A child who does not understand the universality of death may believe that death is temporary, not yet comprehending that it is irreversible, inevitable, and final. These concepts are part of the five stages of grief described by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. Therefore, the correct option is a, b, c.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a child does not understand the universality of death, according to the concepts addressed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's model of grief, the nurse could infer that the child likely believes death is temporary. The five stages of grief described by Kübler-Ross are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. During these stages, individuals come to terms with death, moving from not wanting to believe in their own mortality to ultimately accepting it as inevitable. Thus, a child who has not reached the acceptance stage may not fully grasp that death is irreversible, inevitable, and final.
Many cultural and psychological factors can influence an individual's perception of death, including the idea of an afterlife or the use of denial as a coping mechanism. Additionally, thanatology, the study of death and dying, provides a framework for understanding how people confront their mortality.