Final answer:
The most appropriate response to an adolescent experiencing phantom limb sensations after amputation is to acknowledge that it's a common occurrence and to explore pain management strategies. Spinal cord injuries like a hemisection could cause a mix of motor and sensory deficits. Pituitary tumors can cause visual field losses due to compression of the optic chiasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best response a nurse could give to an adolescent experiencing phantom limb sensations after an amputation due to bone cancer is option B: "It's common for individuals who have had amputations to experience phantom limb sensations. Let's explore ways to manage the discomfort." Phantom limb sensations are a well-recognized phenomenon where amputees feel as if their amputated limb is still present. These sensations can range from painless to painful and uncomfortable. Providing reassurance and discussing management options shows understanding and brings comfort to the patient.
Regarding the issue of a motorcycle accident victim with a possible hemisection of the spinal cord at the thoracic region, this person could experience a disruption in spinal cord functions. Movement would be affected on the same side as the injury (right side, in this case) due to the corticospinal tract crossing over in the medulla. Sensation deficits could include loss of pain and temperature sense on the opposite side (left side) of the body from the injury due to the decussation (crossing) of the spinothalamic tract within the spinal cord at the level of entry.
As for the question about a pituitary tumor affecting the visual field, the explanation is related to the optic chiasm, where fibers from each optic nerve cross halfway. This crossing is located above the pituitary gland. A tumor in this area could compress the crossing fibers, leading to vision loss in the outer (temporal) halves of both eyes, a condition known as bitemporal hemianopsia.