Final answer:
A nurse should discuss potential adverse effects of methylphenidate on a child with ADHD, including decreased appetite, insomnia, cardiovascular changes, potential for growth suppression, headaches, stomachache, and emotional changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prescribed methylphenidate hydrochloride, a medication which helps to increase focus, alertness, and reduces impulsivity by affecting neurotransmitter activity within the brain, especially in areas associated with impulse control such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. When discussing this medication with parents, it is essential to inform them about the potential adverse effects, which include decreased appetite, insomnia, increased heart rate and blood pressure, potential for growth suppression in children, headaches, stomachache, and emotional changes like irritability and mood swings. Despite these potential side effects, methylphenidate has been proven to be effective in managing symptoms of ADHD when used as prescribed.
The nurse should discuss the adverse effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride with the parents of a child with ADHD. One common adverse effect is a loss of appetite, which can lead to weight loss if severe. Another adverse effect is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, which can disrupt the child's sleep patterns. Additionally, some children may experience irritability or mood changes as a result of taking methylphenidate.