Final answer:
Social support is not a central concept in nursing models, though it influences health outcomes. Nursing theories typically focus on Human beings, Health, Environment, and Nursing as core elements, with social support recognized as a significant but secondary factor. Therefore, the correct option is a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within most nursing models and theories, four central concepts are typically highlighted: Human beings, Health, Environment, and Nursing. Among the options provided, Social support is not one of the central concepts to these models of nursing, though it is recognized as an important psychosocial factor that can indeed affect health outcomes.
Conceptual models in nursing serve to describe the relationships and dynamics within health care. The essential components of these models focus on the person (Human beings), their wellness (Health), the context in which health and nursing care occur (Environment), and the actions of the nurse (Nursing) as a mediator between the environment and health.
While social support is a significant determinant of health outcomes and contributes to the psychological and emotional well-being of individuals, it is not considered one of the four pillars central to most nursing theories. Instead, social support often emerges within the broader context of these key elements.