Final answer:
Before administering dextrose 10% injection PRN, it is important to assess the patient's blood glucose levels, hydration status, electrolyte balance, kidney function, and medical history. For dehydration, isotonic solutions like normal saline are typical, but dextrose 10% provides hydration and energy for those needing additional calories or with low blood sugar. Monitoring of vital signs, IV site, and dosage is essential during infusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Before administering dextrose 10% injection PRN to Buchanan for conditions like dehydration, it is essential to assess specific criteria. Healthcare providers typically review a patient's current blood glucose levels to prevent potential hyperglycemia. Since dextrose is a sugar solution, it can cause blood glucose to rise. The patient's current hydration status and electrolyte balance are also crucial since dextrose solutions can affect fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Additionally, kidney function should be considered, as it affects how the body handles fluids and electrolytes. A patient's overall medical history, including any known allergies or sensitivities to dextrose or other IV solutions, should be reviewed to avoid adverse reactions.
For a dehydrated human patient, healthcare providers commonly administer isotonic solutions such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution. These solutions help to restore fluid balance without drastically altering the concentration of electrolytes in the blood. However, in cases where a patient needs additional calories or has low blood sugar, dextrose 10% can be administered. It provides not only hydration but also a source of energy.
Assessment prior to infusion includes monitoring vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure, to ensure the patient can tolerate the fluid volume. The insertion site for the IV should be checked for signs of infection or phlebitis. Dosage and infusion rate should be verified with the healthcare provider's orders, taking into account the patient's size, age, and clinical condition. Continuous monitoring during the infusion is crucial, especially in patients at risk for fluid overload or with compromised cardiac function, to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema.