Final answer:
The Mother Goddess (Terracotta) and Unicorn Seals are from the Harappan Civilization (option a); the Lion Capital is from the Mauryan Period (option b); and the Mural Painting is associated with the Gupta Empire (option c).
Step-by-step explanation:
The art forms mentioned in the question can be attributed to different periods in Indian history. Mother Goddess (Terracotta), Unicorn Seals, and other artifacts such as small terracotta figures, bronze statues of the dancing girl, and stone seals with animal motifs are characteristic of the Harappan Civilization. This culture was exceptional in its unique sculptural artistry and traded with Mesopotamia, influencing Indian culture significantly. The Lion Capital is associated with the Mauryan Period, particularly with Emperor Ashoka who adopted it as a national emblem, which depicted four Indian lions back to back.
Finally, significant advancements in Mural Painting and religious iconography, such as the portrayals of Hindu gods in their iconic forms like Vishnu, Shiva, and others, were established during the Gupta Empire. The Gupta period is often referred to as the Golden Age of India due to its contributions to arts, music, architecture, and the institutionalization of Hinduism.