4. We can see that Layer 4 was deposited after layer 3 and prior to the deposition of layer 5.
5. We can see that because layer 4 cuts through layers 1, 2, and 3 but not 5, it then means that layer 4 is younger than layers 1, 2, and 3 but entered first before layer 5 was deposited.
6. The geological principle that describes the sequence of events you've described is known as the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships.
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that any geological feature that cuts across or through other rock layers or features is younger than the rock it cuts through. This principle is commonly used in geology to determine the relative ages of geological events or formations.