Final answer:
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone density due to more active bone resorption than bone formation, leading to brittle bones that are prone to fractures, particularly in older adults. Therefore, the correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, leading to decreased bone density. This condition is most frequently diagnosed in older adults and is characterized by bones that lose minerals and mass, become brittle, and break easily. Hormonal changes, chronic diseases, and certain medications can exacerbate this process. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, which can occur even with minor stress. The diagnosis of osteoporosis involves measuring a patient's bone density and comparing it to a normative peak bone density value. It is crucial to identify osteoporosis early to manage and prevent the severe complications associated with bone fractures.
Osteoporosis is primarily caused by an imbalance in the activity of osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) and osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). In osteoporosis, osteoclast activity outpaces osteoblast activity, leading to bones that are less dense and structurally weaker. This imbalance makes bones more susceptible to fractures, which is the most dangerous aspect of the disease. While not fatal in itself, complications from fractures can be severe, particularly in the elderly population.