Final answer:
To alleviate distress in clients with heart failure and pulmonary edema, placing the client in the orthopneic position is a key strategy, as it aids in lung expansion and fluid drainage. Other supportive measures include modified postural drainage and interventions to improve overall circulation and reduce fluid retention. The Correct Answer is Option. D.
Step-by-step explanation:
To help alleviate the distress of a client with heart failure and pulmonary edema, a nurse can employ several strategies. One effective method is to place the client in the orthopneic position, where the client sits up and leans forward on a table or similar surface to maximize lung expansion and help in the drainage of the lung fluids. Activities such as elevating the client's lower extremities can help in circulation issues related to edema, but it would not directly relieve pulmonary edema.
Encouraging frequent coughing may help to remove secretions, but protection of the airway and reduced breathing effort is a priority, and preparing for modified postural drainage, involving positioning the client so gravity helps in draining secretions from the lung, can also be considered if appropriate and after cardiac function has been stabilized. Reducing salt intake and ensuring appropriate exercises to improve circulation can also be beneficial overall in the management and prevention of further episodes.