Final answer:
True, individuals at ultra-high risk for schizophrenia typically perform better on cognitive function tests than those experiencing their first psychotic episode, likely due to varying illness stages and the impact of acute psychosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is True that individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for schizophrenia generally perform better on tests of cognitive function than individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis. Before the onset of the first episode, individuals at UHR may still retain higher levels of cognitive function. During the first episode, cognitive functions are more likely to be impacted, reflecting a decline associated with the acute phase of psychosis. Studies show that cognitive performance may vary depending on the stage of the illness.
Schizophrenia's multi-factorial nature, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, can affect individuals differently. Adoption studies support the importance of both genetic predispositions and environmental stressors contributing to the development of schizophrenia. Cognitive deficits are often evident in schizophrenia but can manifest in varying degrees of severity depending on individual circumstances and illness progression. Cognitive rehabilitation and other interventions may help to manage or mitigate cognitive impairments associated with the illness.