Final answer:
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a process related to in vitro fertilization (IVF), an assisted reproductive technology used to screen embryos for genetic disorders prior to implantation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique associated with the fertility technology of in vitro fertilization (IVF). PGD is utilized to screen human embryos for genetic disorders before their transfer into the uterus. IVF is an assisted reproductive technology (ART), which facilitates conception by combining eggs and sperm outside the body, often to overcome infertility issues like blocked uterine tubes or low sperm count.
After fertilization occurs in vitro, embryos can be tested using PGD to identify and select those without specific genetic abnormalities for implantation, thus reducing the risk of genetic diseases. This biotechnological advancement has a broad impact, including its use in supporting LGBTQ families, individuals using surrogates or gestational carriers, as well as people with reproductive challenges. However, it also results in ethical considerations and discussions among feminists regarding the implications of assited reproduction.