Final answer:
Option a, b and c are the correct option. When inserting a nasogastric (NG) tube after abdominal surgery, a nurse should consult a healthcare provider if the client has a basilar skull fracture, facial trauma, or a history of nosebleeds, as these conditions pose specific risks that could complicate the procedure.
Step-by-step explanation:
When preparing to insert a nasogastric (NG) tube for a client who had abdominal surgery, the nurse should consult with the healthcare provider prior to insertion if the client is currently experiencing or has a history of certain conditions. Not all the options listed necessarily require consultation, but some do. The nurse must be particularly cautious in cases involving:
- Basilar skull fracture—Insertion of an NG tube might pose a risk of infection due to potential communication with the brain and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.
- Facial trauma—There may be complications with the anatomy that could make insertion difficult or unsafe.
- Nosebleeds—While not always contraindicated, a history of nosebleeds may suggest a higher risk of nasal trauma or bleeding during insertion.
Options such as gastrointestinal bleeding and drug overdose do not inherently require consultation with a healthcare provider before NG tube insertion, although each patient's situation should be assessed on an individual basis. In these instances, the overarching concern is the patient's current condition and history that might increase the risk of complications from the NG tube insertion.