Final answer:
The question addresses the philosophical concept of welfare liberalism, where laws are designed to promote freedom, welfare, security, fairness, and liberty, aiming to benefit the least advantaged and ensure fair equality of opportunity. This ideology is reflected in the works of John Rawls and the eighteenth-century belief that government should protect and improve citizens' lives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the concept of creating laws and rules that foster freedom through the promotion of welfare, security, fairness, and liberty. This aligns with the philosophical ideology known as welfare liberalism, which American philosopher John Rawls extensively discussed in his groundbreaking book A Theory of Justice. Rawls posited that a just society arranges social and economic inequalities so that they are:
- To the greatest benefit of the least advantaged, consistent with the just savings principle.
- Attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.
Furthermore, libertarians emphasize individual liberty and seek a government structure that ensures these freedoms with minimum intervention. Such a system is based on the protection and enforcement of individual rights, including property rights, and the idea that government should be restrained by the rule of law.
In the eighteenth century, it was believed that law and reason were embedded in nature, and that governments existed to protect and improve the lives of their people. This view posits that legislation should focus solely on promoting the welfare of the citizens. The implementation of liberty in society is understood to require identification and protection of individual rights, setting up a government constrained by the rule of law, and solely dedicated to the protection of those rights.