Question

The following figure depicts two similar processes that convert energy into a form that

the cell can utilize. Use it to address the following questions:
A) Label the picture as completely as possible, specifying the different regions in the figure (as depicted by the different shading) as appropriate for the organelles shown at the top. Also label what are the molecules that are depicted moving.
B) Give a brief description of what is taking place, and where the energy come from that makes this reaction go.
C) What is happening in the box that drives the movement
shown?

Answer 1

A. See image below for labelled diagram

B. Within both types of organelles, electron transport chains facilitate the movement of protons (H+) across a membrane, transferring them from an area with a lower H+ concentration (depicted in light gray in this diagram) to an area of higher H+ concentration (illustrated in dark gray). These protons subsequently traverse back across the membrane via ATP synthase, inducing the production of ATP.

C. Electron transport chains drive the movement shown.

What is chloroplast?

The chloroplast, a specialized organelle present in plant cells and certain algae, undertakes the vital process of photosynthesis. This transformative process converts light energy into chemical energy, primarily in the form of glucose or sugars.

Within chloroplasts, chlorophyll—a pigment—captures sunlight energy. This absorbed energy fuels the photosynthetic reactions occurring in the chloroplast, facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.