Final answer:
Total Quality Management (TQM) is the approach that aims for quality as a primary organizational goal, involving all employees in continuous improvement and customer satisfaction processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The approach that focuses on achieving quality as a primary goal of all individuals within an organization is
c. TQM
, which stands for Total Quality Management.
The concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) is centered on the premise that long-term success through customer satisfaction is an essential goal for any organization. TQM requires the involvement of all employees, from the top management to the front-line workers, in a process of continuous improvement. This dedication to quality involves every aspect of the business, including process management, data-driven decision-making, and a strong focus on meeting the needs and expectations of customers. Unlike approaches such as Six Sigma, which targets process improvement and reduction of defects to a specific metric, TQM is a broader philosophy that permeates an organization's culture. Total Quality Management applies various principles, such as leadership commitment, employee involvement, and regular evaluations of performance against quality standards.