Final answer:
B. Motivation is what drives individuals to behave in certain ways, influenced by internal satisfaction and external rewards. It encompasses biological needs, personal beliefs in one's abilities, and social connections, key to understanding human behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept that refers to what makes people tick, including the needs, desires, fears, and aspirations within individuals that influence their behavior, is motivation. Motivation can stem from both internal and external sources, and plays a critical role in guiding behavior towards a goal. Internal motivation, or intrinsic motivation, is driven by personal satisfaction, while external motivation, or extrinsic motivation, is influenced by external rewards. Additionally, theories such as Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Bandura's self-efficacy theory provide insight into the different levels and types of motivations that drive human actions.
Maslow's hierarchy outlines a progression of needs from physiological to self-actualization, suggesting our behavior is motivated by fulfilling these needs in sequence. The role of self-efficacy, as per Bandura, emphasizes the belief in one's capability to perform tasks, which influences the choices we make and our perseverance through challenges. Besides individual needs, social motives like the need for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy also play vital roles in sparking action and driving our behavior.
Various factors influence motivation, including biological drives such as hunger and sexual behavior, as well as social experiences and cultural backgrounds. Regardless of the source, understanding motivation is key to grasping why people behave in the ways they do.