Question

Consider the hormonal control of cortisol secretion as well as the functions of cortisol in stress, and classify the statements on the left as being characteristic of cortisol hyposecretion or hypersecretion by dragging them into the appropriate category on the right.

a. Cortisol Hypersecretion:
b. Cortisol Hyposecretion:

- Adrenal insufficiency is another name for this condition
- Primary cause of this condition also leads to decreases in aldosterone concentration
- autoimmune attack of the adrenal glands is one cause, which leads to elevated plasma CRH and ACTH levels
- Addison's disease is another name for a primary cause of this condition
- Symptoms may include hypotension and low blood sugar
- symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, and loss of appetite
- Pituitary disease resulting in ACTH deficiency is a secondary cause of this condition
- Cushing's syndrome is another name for this condition
- Is called Cushing's disease if the cause is an ACTH-secreting tumor
- Symptoms may include osteoporosis, weak muscles, and bruised skin
- Results in immunosuppression
- Causes of the same symptoms as a person with diabetes including hyperglycemia
- Symptoms may include hypertension and a redistribution of fat to the trunk, face, and back of neck
- Treatment may involve surgical removal of the pituitary tumor or removal of one of the adrenal glands

Answer 1

Cortisol hyposecretion, known as Addison's disease, leads to symptoms like hypotension and fatigue, often requires cortisol replacement therapy. Cortisol hypersecretion, known as Cushing's syndrome or disease, can cause hypertension, a redistribution of fat, and may necessitate surgery for treatment.

Step-by-step explanation:

Classification of Statements: Cortisol Hyposecretion vs. Hypersecretion

Cortisol hyposecretion, often referred to as adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease, is characterized by a deficiency in cortisol production. This condition can lead to decreased aldosterone concentrations, an autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands, elevated plasma CRH and ACTH levels, symptoms like hypotension and low blood sugar, general weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, and can stem from a secondary pituitary disease causing ACTH deficiency. Treatments involve cortisol replacement therapy.

Conversely, cortisol hypersecretion results in a condition known as Cushing's syndrome, or Cushing's disease if due to an ACTH-secreting tumor. Symptoms include hypertension, fat redistribution to the trunk, face, and back of neck, osteoporosis, weak muscles, bruised skin, and can cause issues similar to diabetes mellitus, such as hyperglycemia. This condition may result in immunosuppression and might require surgical removal of the pituitary tumor or one of the adrenal glands to treat the condition.