Final answer:
The correct answer is option c. The individual is heterozygous at both loci with a genotype of AaBb. They can produce gametes with genotypes AB, Ab, aB, and ab due to Mendelian genetics of independent assortment. Nonparental gamete types indicate genetic recombination and independent assortment of the genes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diploid genotype of an individual that can make gametes with the genotypes AA, aa, BB, bb, Ab, Ab, Aa, Bb, and aabb indicates the individual is heterozygous at both loci: AaBb. This is because the types of gametes produced (e.g., AA, aa, BB, bb) can only come from an individual who has both dominant and recessive alleles at each locus.
Determining the types of gametes produced by a dihybrid cross can help understand the individual's genotype. An individual with a genotype of AaBb can produce four different types of gametes in equal frequencies: AB, Ab, aB, and ab according to Mendelian genetics of independent assortment (option c). Therefore, the correct option for this question is c.
Genotypes like AAbb or aaBb also suggest the potential for genetic recombination, indicating that the genes for these traits are independently assorted and not linked. The nonparental gamete types, such as Ab and aB, arise from this recombination event during meiosis.