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Suppose a differentiable function f(x, y, z) has a critical point at (0,0,0). Suppose further the derivatives of f(x, y, z) at (0,0,0) are as follows:

∂²ƒ ∂²ƒ ∂²ƒ
------ = -2, ------ = -2, ------ = -2,
∂x² ∂y² ∂z²

∂²ƒ ∂²ƒ ∂²ƒ
-------- = 1, ------- = a, ------- = 1.
∂x∂y ∂x∂z ∂y∂z

Find the range of values of a that guarantee that (0, 0, 0) is a point of local maximum of f.

User Myonara
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1 Answer

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Final answer:

To guarantee a local maximum at (0, 0, 0) for the function f with given second derivatives, the variable 'a' must be greater than -12. This is determined by ensuring that the Hessian matrix is negative definite at that point.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question addresses finding the range of values for the variable a that ensures a local maximum for a differentiable function f(x, y, z) given the second partial derivatives at a critical point (0,0,0).

The key to solving this problem is applying the second partial derivative test for functions of multiple variables. A critical point (0,0,0) is a local maximum if the Hessian matrix at that point is negative definite. The Hessian matrix H for f at (0,0,0) is given by:

H = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 1 & a \\ 1 & -2 & 1 \\ a & 1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}

To have a negative definite matrix, all the leading principal minors of H need to be negative. The first leading principal minor is -2 (which is negative), the second is (-2) * (-2) - 1 * 1 = 4 - 1 = 3 (which is positive, but we need the even-order minors to be positive for a negative definite matrix), and the third leading principal minor is the determinant of H.

The determinant of H is \Delta = (-2)(-2)(-2) + 2(a)(1) - (1)(1)(a) - (1)(-2)(1) - (-2)(1)(1) - (a)(1)(1). Simplifying, we get \Delta = -8 + 2a - a - 2 - 2 - a = -12 - a. For H to be negative definite, \Delta must be negative, which implies a > -12.

Therefore, the range of values for a that guarantees (0, 0, 0) is a point of local maximum is a > -12.

User Dejan Atanasov
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