Final answer:
Incoming shortwave radiation from the sun heats the Earth, and is re-radiated as outgoing longwave radiation, which is trapped by greenhouse gases, warming the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.
option b is the correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked pertains to the greenhouse effect and how solar radiation interacts with the Earth's atmosphere. Incoming shortwave radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere, which includes ultraviolet rays, visible light, and some infrared.
This radiation heats the Earth, and the energy is then re-radiated as outgoing longwave infrared radiation. This outgoing radiation is partially trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which absorb and re-emit the energy back toward the Earth, thus warming the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.
The correct answer to fill in the blanks in your question is: Incoming shortwave, outgoing longwave radiation. This process is essential for sustaining life on Earth by keeping it warm enough to support ecosystems, but an increase in greenhouse gases can lead to excessive warming, also known as global warming or climate change.