Final answer:
The most effectively stated performance goal is option (b), as it is specific, measurable, and action-oriented, clearly stating the expected actions and the way performance will be measured.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, the most effectively stated performance goal is option (b) 'you will e-mail me at the end of every workday with your team's activity report.' This goal is specific, measurable, and action-oriented. It clearly states what is expected, how the performance will be measured, and it provides a clear action for the person to take in order to meet the goal.
By contrast, option (a) 'you have to stop making so much trouble for me' is vague and fails to outline any specific actions or outcomes that are expected. Option (c) 'you need to try harder to get to work on time' is also too vague and doesn't provide specific actions to be taken. Option (d) 'you have to improve your motivation' is similarly unclear on how motivation should be improved or how it will be measured.
In setting effective goals, it is important to be precise about the expected outcome, establish a way to measure the success of the goal, and ensure that the goal motivates and guides the person towards achieving it.