Final answer:
In the analysis phase of the scientific method, data is interpreted through discussion, summarization, and statistical examination. Charts and graphs are created, and calculations like mean, range, and variation may be performed. The correct option that best captures these activities is E. measurements like mean, range, and variation may be calculated.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the analysis phase of the scientific method, scientists engage in multiple activities to make sense of the raw data they've collected. This involves various steps such as discussion of the results where findings are described, often using tables or graphs. Additionally, the raw data is summarized to transform it into a form that's more easily understood.
Creation of charts and graphs is a common method to visually represent the data, which assists in the interpretation process. Measurements like mean, range, and variation are calculated as part of descriptive statistics to summarize the data set. Lastly, the data's significance is examined in a process where statistical methods are used to determine how much of the variation is attributed to chance, which is an inferential statistics procedure.
All these steps are crucial in drawing conclusions from the data to support or reject a hypothesis. If the analysis supports the hypothesis, researchers may further explore related hypotheses or discuss the implications. If it does not support the hypothesis, there might be a need to repeat the experiment or adjust the experimental design.
The correct option that encompasses the multiple aspects of the analysis phase mentioned above is E. measurements like mean, range, and variation may be calculated, which is part of summarizing the data, although other options also describe activities that occur during this phase.