Final answer:
Option (2) Arthropoda is a phylum that includes organisms with segmentated bodies and jointed appendages, and option (4) Insecta is a class within this phylum. Thus, the correct answer is B. (2) and (4).
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the listed options represent a phylum or division within the biological classification system. A phylum (in zoology) or division (in botany) is a high-level taxonomic rank below the kingdom and above the class. The option (2) Arthropoda fulfills this requirement as it is one of the largest phyla in the animal kingdom, characterized by organisms with segmented bodies and jointed appendages such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
Option (4) Insecta refers to a class within the Phylum Arthropoda, representing the vast group of insects. Therefore, the correct answer is B. (2) and (4).