Final answer:
The diversity of proteins in human life is enhanced by genetic variation, alternative splicing of mRNA, post-translational modifications, and gene duplication and divergence. Each of these factors contributes to a vast array of functional protein variants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diversity of proteins in human life is influenced by multiple biological processes. To answer the question, the following factors contribute to protein diversity:
- Genetic variation: This includes differences in DNA sequences among individuals that can result in different proteins being produced.
- Alternative splicing of mRNA: By splicing the same pre-mRNA in different ways, various protein isoforms can be produced from a single gene, leading to a diversity of proteins.
- Post-translational modifications: After a protein is created, it can be modified in various ways, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, changing its function and contributing to diversity.
- Gene duplication and divergence: When genes are duplicated, the copies can evolve independently, potentially leading to the creation of proteins with novel functions.
In summary, the correct options that contribute to the diversity of proteins in human life are: a. Genetic variation, b. Alternative splicing of mRNA, c. Post-translational modifications, and d. Gene duplication and divergence.