Final answer:
Natural evil is the type of evil that occurs without direct human intention and is exemplified by natural disasters and diseases; it is one of the main topics in discussions of the Problem of Evil within philosophy and theology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of evil that involves no direct human intention is known as natural evil. This term refers to the suffering that results from natural events such as earthquakes, floods, famines, and diseases. Unlike moral evil, which is the result of deliberate human actions like theft or murder, natural evil arises independently of human intentions. The existence of natural evil poses a significant challenge in philosophical discussions, particularly in the context of the Problem of Evil as it relates to theodicy and the question of how to reconcile the existence of an all-good, all-powerful deity with the presence of evil in the world.
Within the philosophical and theological exploration of evil, distinctions are also made between physical evil, which includes bodily pain and mental anguish, and metaphysical evil, which encompasses imperfections and chance. One of the significant debates in the philosophy of religion is whether natural and moral evils can be justified as necessary components of the best possible world or part of a broader, inscrutable divine plan.