Final answer:
Philosophical discussions on the Problem of Evil explore why an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good deity allows suffering and evil. This problem directly challenges traditional perceptions of a benevolent God and has been approached from various angles by philosophers, including Hume and Rowe, with Augustine offering the free will defense.
Step-by-step explanation:
The questions of "why does God allow THAT evil to happen?" and "why does He allow ME to suffer like this?" are philosophical questions that delve into the Problem of Evil and theodicy. These questions challenge the reconciliation of the existence of an omnibenevolent, omniscient, and omnipotent deity with the presence of suffering and evil in the world. Philosophers, theologians, and thinkers have long wrestled with this problem, with some, such as David Hume and William Rowe, providing critical analysis and arguments against the traditional belief in a caring and all-powerful Creator. The Evidential Problem of Evil considers the probability of divine existence in the light of observable suffering. Additionally, the concept of free will has been suggested by figures like Augustine as one possible answer to the coexistence of evil and a good God, positioning evil as a absence of good, and hence not a direct creation of God.