Final answer:
The expression x^2 - c^2 - 2dc - d^2 is equivalent to x^2 - ax - a^2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The given expression is x^2 - c^2 - 2dc - d^2. To determine which of the given options is equivalent to this expression, we substitute a=c+d into the expression.
Replacing c and d in the expression, we get x^2 - (c + d)^2 - 2d(c + d) - d^2. Simplifying this expression, we get x^2 - (c^2 + 2cd + d^2) - 2cd - 2d^2 - d^2.
Combining like terms, we further simplify to x^2 - c^2 - 2cd - 2d^2 - 2cd - d^2 = x^2 - c^2 - 4cd - 3d^2.
Comparing this simplified expression with the given options, we can see that option D, x^2 - ax - a^2, is equivalent to the original expression. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.