Final answer:
Hair with a damaged cuticle layer is more susceptible to damage from highly alkaline permanent waving solutions as it allows easier penetration. Temporary waves involve using water to temporarily disrupt hydrogen bonds, allowing for a new shape without the same level of damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impact of Damaged Cuticle on Hair and Permanent Waving
When we talk about hair with a damaged cuticle layer being easily penetrated, we're referring to hair that may have lost its protective outer layer. The cuticle is the hair's shield against external damages and when it is impaired, substances can enter the hair shaft more readily. This is of particular concern during a permanent waving process which involves a highly alkaline solution. Such solutions open up the hair cuticle further and can break the disulfide bonds within the hair's keratin structure, leading to the hair being reshaped around the curlers. However, when the cuticle is already damaged, the hair is much more sensitive to these chemical processes and can easily be harmed, resulting in increased brittleness, breakage, and dryness.
Temporary waves, on the other hand, are less damaging. They involve the use of water to disrupt hydrogen bonds within the hair's keratin. As the hair dries, new hydrogen bonds are formed, allowing the hair to maintain a new shape temporarily. This process is gentler since it eschews harsh chemicals and the heavy manipulation associated with permanent waves.