Final answer:
Naturalism struggles to explain intentionality, the root cause of phenomena like the Big Bang, and the derivation of values from facts, which are beyond the scope of purely natural explanations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Naturalism is a philosophical approach that explains religious experiences and miracles as the result of natural forces, without invoking anything beyond the physical realm. However, this approach fails to offer an adequate explanation for certain aspects of reality.
One of the primary challenges naturalism faces is explaining intentionality or the intelligent purpose behind actions; a blinking reflex serves a purpose but is governed by the laws of physics rather than a directed will. Additionally, naturalism struggles with questions about existence itself, like the cause of the Big Bang or what preceded it.
The naturalistic fallacy highlights another limitation of naturalism. It addresses the error in reasoning that derives values from facts, suggesting that just because something is a certain way does not mean it ought to be that way. Furthermore, naturalism cannot always account for the 'why' behind existence or phenomena that transcend empirical testing and material explanation.