Final answer:
The best description of the transformation is a vertical stretch. It occurs when the scale on the vertical axis is adjusted to emphasize or de-emphasize data fluctuations, as seen when comparing Figure A10 (c) with Figure A10 (d), where the scale change from 0% to 30% to 3% to 10% makes variations appear more prominent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best verbal description for the transformation shown when comparing Figure A10 (c) and Figure A10 (d), based on the change in the scale on the vertical axis, is a vertical stretch. In the context of graphical transformations, a vertical stretch occurs when the scale of the vertical axis is adjusted in such a way that it causes the data's appearance to either elongate or compress vertically without altering the actual length of the axis itself.
In the provided example, Figure A10 (d) demonstrates a vertical stretch because the scale is narrowed from a range of 0% to 30% in Figure A10 (c) to a range of 3% to 10%. This narrowing intensifies the visual impression of the fluctuations, as opposed to Figure A5's broader range of 0% to 12%, which portrays more moderate fluctuations. Therefore, it's clear that resizing the vertical scale can dramatically alter the visual interpretation of data, emphasizing or downplaying variations depending on the chosen scale range.