Final answer:
The disk-diffusion method, notably the Kirby-Bauer assay, evaluates the antimicrobial activity of substances by observing zones of inhibition formed on agar plates.
Step-by-step explanation:
The method described, where two disks are used to test diffusion through agar, is known as the disk-diffusion method. This method is particularly used to assess the antimicrobial activity of substances by observing zones of inhibition around the disks. The larger the zone of inhibition, the more effective the antimicrobial agent is considered to be. A standardized version of this test is the Kirby-Bauer assay, which is widely used in clinical laboratories to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial pathogens.
The name of the method with two disks and diffusion through the agar is the disk diffusion method. This method involves applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks, which are then placed on an agar plate inoculated with the targeted bacterium. The chemicals diffuse out of the disks into the agar, creating zones of inhibition of microbial growth as clear areas around the disks.