Final answer:
The type of warfare that allows for military decisions based on extensive knowledge of the enemy's forces is Information warfare, a crucial aspect of modern hybrid warfare.
Step-by-step explanation:
This type of warfare permits military decisions to be based on accurate knowledge of the enemy's forces and capabilities is Information warfare. Unlike conventional, unconventional, or guerrilla warfare, information warfare encompasses the battleground of cyberspace, where militaries engage indirectly and utilize technology to gain strategic advantages. In the context of modern hybrid warfare, information warfare is critical as it involves elements of political, conventional, irregular, and cybersecurity. It allows for more efficient and precise operations, potentially without risking civilian lives or direct military confrontation.
The concept of foreknowledge as essential to victory is a timeless principle in military strategy, aligning with the ideas found in ancient texts such as Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Today, this idea is extended to the cyber realm, entailing the weaponization of information and the strategic use of intelligence to preempt and counter enemy actions, making information warfare a key component of the hybrid warfare landscape.