Final answer:
The incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is approximately 1 in 2,000 individuals, with common manifestations including joint pain, skin rashes (i.e., butterfly rash), and fatigue. Other symptoms can range from fever and hair loss to arthritis and neurologic changes, attributed to SLE's nature as a type III hypersensitivity reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition with a varied incidence rate that can affect multiple organ systems due to its nature as a type III hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of SLE is approximately 1 in 2,000 individuals. The common presenting manifestations of SLE are diverse due to its systemic impact, primarily affecting the immune, muscular, skeletal, integumentary, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Key features that suggest SLE in medical or rheumatology fields include joint pain, skin rashes such as the characteristic butterfly rash, and fatigue.
Other symptoms include fever with no other cause, hair loss, a sunlight-sensitive butterfly rash found in about 50% of people with SLE, arthritis of various joints, and neurologic effects such as headaches and personality changes. Further symptoms related to the disease can include Raynaud's phenomenon and renal involvement leading to edema. Due to the wide array of symptoms, a diagnosis of SLE typically depends on the identification of a combination of symptoms and the confirmed production of autoantibodies, particularly anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) which are present in more than 95% of patients with SLE.