Question

When exposed to conditions that favor the taut form of Hemoglobin, HbS polymerizes and forms needle-like structures ("sickle cells"). Which of the following conditions favor oxygen unloading and can cause the formation of long chain polymers of HbS?

1) Ex Deoxygenation
2) High Altitude
3) Acidosis
4) Infection
5) Dehydration

Answer 1

Conditions that lead to the taut form of hemoglobin S and result in sickling include deoxygenation, high altitude, acidosis, infection, and dehydration.

Step-by-step explanation:

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of an abnormal type of hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S (HbS), which can distort red blood cells into a sickle shape under low oxygen conditions. This sickling effect occurs because of the substitution of a single amino acid in the beta chain of hemoglobin; valine replaces glutamic acid. The conditions that favor the taut or deoxygenated form of hemoglobin S, causing it to polymerize and form long chain polymers, leading to sickle cell formation include deoxygenation, high altitude, acidosis, infection, and dehydration. Each of these conditions reduces oxygen availability or alters blood pH, facilitating the polymerization of deoxy-HbS and the consequent sickling of the red blood cells. This can lead to blocked blood vessels and a cascade of serious health issues.