Final answer:
Ejection fraction (EF) is the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction, the normal range for EF is approximately 55-70 percent. Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat, and its normal range is 55-100 mL. Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and its mean value is 5.25 L/min.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ejection fraction (EF) is the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. It is calculated by dividing stroke volume (SV) by end-diastolic volume (EDV). The normal range for EF is approximately 55-70 percent, with a mean of 58 percent.
Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat. It can be measured using an echocardiogram or a specialized catheter. The normal range for SV is 55-100 mL, with a mean of approximately 70 mL for a resting individual. Several factors, including heart size, individual's physical condition, and more, can affect SV.
Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (SV) by heart rate (HR). The mean CO is 5.25 L/min, with a range of 4.0-8.0 L/min. CO refers to the output from each ventricle separately.