Final answer:
The deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is rickets. Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which leads to bone deformities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is rickets (option C). Rickets is a childhood disorder characterized by bone deformities due to defective mineralization of bone. It is primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which stimulates the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. Without sufficient vitamin D, the bones become weak and brittle, leading to deformities.