Final answer:
The vertebral column includes the cervical region with 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region with 12 vertebrae, and the lumbar region with 5 vertebrae, followed by the fused sacrum and coccyx. The spinal curves provide strength and flexibility and change after birth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regions of the Vertebral Column and Vertebrae
The vertebral column, also known as the spine, is comprised of several distinct regions. Each region contains a specific number of vertebrae. We can detail the vertebral column as follows:
- Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): 7 vertebrae in the neck region.
- Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): 12 vertebrae in the upper back, corresponding with the ribs.
- Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): 5 vertebrae in the lower back region.
- Sacrum: Formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae, part of the pelvis.
- Coccyx (tailbone): Formed by the fusion of 4 small coccygeal vertebrae.
The vertebral column features several curves which contribute to its strength and flexibility. After birth, these spinal curves change; there are two primary curves (thoracic and sacrococcygeal) and two secondary curves (cervical and lumbar).Each vertebra in the vertebral column has distinguishing characteristics, and the vertebrae are numbered in descending order from their respective regions. For example, the cervical vertebrae start from C1, which articulates with the skull, down to C7. This nomenclature is consistent across the thoracic and lumbar regions. The interspersed intervertebral discs provide cushioning and flexibility, and various ligaments support the vertebral column structurally.