Final answer:
Metals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A form anions with charges of 3-, 2-, and 1-, respectively, as they gain electrons to achieve a stable electron arrangement similar to the nearest noble gas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Metals in Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A on the periodic table tend to form anions upon ionization. When these metals form ions, they gain electrons to achieve a more stable electronic arrangement, often resembling the nearest noble gas configuration. For Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A, the elements tend to form ions with charges of 3-, 2-, and 1-, respectively. This pattern corresponds to the number of groups they are away from the noble gases in the periodic table.
Group 5A elements will typically gain three electrons, forming ions with a 3- charge. Group 6A elements gain two electrons to form ions with a -2 charge, and Group 7A elements gain one electron to form ions with a -1 charge. These anions have more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge.