Final answer:
The correct answer is option b. Surgency, Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three aspects of childhood temperament that relate to the Big 5 personality traits are Surgency, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. These correlate with the Big 5 dimensions of Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness respectively. These aspects are foundational in understanding how a person will approach and interact with the world around them.
- Surgency: This aspect of temperament involves how sociable, active, and assertive a child is. These traits are closely related to the Big 5 trait of Extraversion, which refers to someone's sociability and tendency to seek social stimulation.
- Negative Affectivity: This aspect covers how often a child experiences emotions like fear, frustration, and sadness. It is akin to the Big 5 trait of Neuroticism, which describes emotional stability and the tendency to experience negative emotions.
- Effortful Control: This temperament aspect describes how well a child can focus attention, control behavior, and regulate emotions. It mirrors the Big 5 trait of Conscientiousness, which reflects how responsible, organized, and dependable an individual is.
Each of these characteristics of temperament provides a basis for the development of the corresponding personality traits in the Big 5 model. For example, a child with high Effortful Control is likely to grow into an adult with a high degree of Conscientiousness.