Final answer:
The hierarchy of controls from most effective to least effective includes elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Step-by-step explanation:
Hierarchy of Controls from Most Effective to Least Effective:
- Elimination: Involves removing the hazard from the workplace. For example, replacing a hazardous chemical with a non-hazardous alternative.
- Substitution: The hazard is replaced with something less hazardous. For instance, using a safer chemical in place of a toxic one.
- Engineering Controls: Physical modifications are made to the workplace to prevent exposure to the hazard. For instance, installing ventilation systems to remove harmful fumes.
- Administrative Controls: These involve changing work practices and policies to minimize exposure. For example, implementing regular breaks and job rotation to reduce prolonged exposure.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE is the last line of defense and includes items such as masks and goggles. It should only be relied on when other controls are not feasible or effective.