Final answer:
Maximilien de Robespierre and his supporters aimed to revolutionize French society according to Enlightenment ideals, with a focus on equality, reason, and virtue, by establishing a republic and aligning France with a radically egalitarian and philosophical vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The stated aim of Maximilien de Robespierre and his supporters was to fulfil nature's desires, accomplish the destiny of humanity, keep the promises of philosophy, and absolve providence of the long reign of crime and tyranny. This ambition was embedded in the radical changes promoted by the Jacobins and involved a deep commitment to egalitarian principles. They desired to make France an example to the world by championing equality, reason, and virtue — an ambition that ultimately led to the implementation of policies like the de-Christianization of France and the introduction of a republican calendar.
During the Reign of Terror, which began in 1793, Robespierre and his supporters aimed to protect the revolutionary ideas by enforcing these changes through a period of violent repression against those seen as enemies of the revolution. Their goal was to transform French society according to Enlightenment ideals, going as far as to eliminate the monarchy completely and put in place a republic that reflected their interpretation of virtue and democratic principles.