Final answer:
Without additional information, it's impossible to determine Jake's genotype for the polydactyly gene. Polydactyly is a dominant trait represented by 'P', and its rarity in the population explains why it's not commonly observed despite its dominance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to determining Jake's genotype for the polydactyly gene, which is not possible to determine from the given information alone. In genetics, if polydactyly is a dominant trait represented by 'P', individuals with at least one 'P' allele (PP or Pp) will exhibit the trait, while only those with the genotype 'pp' will not. Information about Jake's parents' genotypes, the phenotype of Jake, or data from his offspring would be necessary to infer his genotype.
To answer the science practice challenge question, a Punnett square is often used to show the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a cross. However, without specific details about the parents' genotypes or Jake's phenotype, we cannot complete the Punnett square and must categorize Jake's genotype as 'unknown' and answer with option D) You cannot determine Jake's genotype from this information.
The other question provided options that explain why polydactyly is not common despite being a dominant trait. The correct answer is d. The polydactyl allele is very rare in the human population. This rarity means that even as a dominant trait, it's not commonly expressed in the human phenotype.